What risk factor is associated with increased chances of dry eye disease in patients?

The association of diabetes mellitus with an increased risk of dry eye disease can be attributed to several physiological changes that occur in individuals with this condition. Diabetes can lead to damage of the meibomian glands, which are responsible for producing the oily layer of tears. This damage can result in poorer tear film stability and contribute to symptoms of dryness. Additionally, people with diabetes often experience nerve damage (neuropathy), which can affect the sensory function of the cornea, resulting in reduced tear production and impaired eye moisture.

Furthermore, diabetes can also affect the secretion of tears and alter the composition of the tear film, exacerbating dry eye symptoms. As such, individuals with diabetes are more likely to report symptoms of dry eyes compared to non-diabetic individuals, making it a significant risk factor for the development of dry eye disease.

While smoking, obesity, and age can also be contributing factors to dry eye disease, the direct pathological mechanisms associated with diabetes strongly link it to the condition, highlighting why this option is particularly relevant in the context of increased risk for dry eye disease.